USDA HB-1-3555, Chapter 18 (Servicing Non-Performing), § 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process
USDA Handbook HB-1-3555 section 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process. Full verbatim section text, substring-verified against snapshot 40fcd1ad9e90721f.
Verbatim regulatory text
Verbatim provisions from USDA HB-1-3555, Chapter 18 (Servicing Non-Performing), § 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process — each quote is a verified substring of the regulator-published source snapshot, not retyped. Quoted for reference; this is not legal advice. The operational layer (P&P updates, prompts) lives in the regulation update kits.
USDA HB-1-3555, Chapter 18 (Servicing Non-Performing), § 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process
18.11 MANAGING THE FORECLOSURE PROCESS [7 CFR 3555.306] The servicer must manage the foreclosure process so that the property is liquidated in a cost effective, expeditious, and efficient manner. Servicers must respond to a request for documentation from an attorney or trustee within five business days. A. Acceptable Foreclosure Time Frames Foreclosure must be initiated within 90 days of the date the decision to liquidate is made unless the foreclosure has been delayed by law or an alternative to foreclosure is recommended to resolve the delinquency. Initiation of foreclosure begins with the first public action required by law, such as filing a Complaint or Petition, recording a Notice of Default, or publication of a Notice of Sale. The Acceptable State Foreclosure Time Frames lists the acceptable timeframe to complete a foreclosure by state and can be located on the USDA Training and Resource Library in the Loan Servicing section under Loss Mitigation found at https://www.rd.usda.gov/resources/usda-linc-training-resourcelibrary/loan-servicing. These time frames are measured from the first legal action to the foreclosure sale date. The Agency foreclosure time frames start with the date of the first legal action required by law, ends with the foreclosure sale date, and does not include post-sale redemption periods or sale confirmations. • Redemption Period – since redemption periods may be adjusted under state laws based on the circumstances surrounding a property, such as the amount of unpaid principal still owed or the occupancy status of the property, reasonable time frames for redemption periods and sale confirmations should be established on a case-by case basis in accordance with state law. Reimbursement of accrued interest may be reduced in accordance with Chapter 19 of this Handbook for each day that the foreclosure continues past the prescribed time frame unless the servicer presents a valid reason that justifies the delay. • Processing Delays – servicers must document any delays to the foreclosure timeline when submitting the loss claim package. Acceptable delays can include bankruptcy petitions filed after foreclosure initiation, contested foreclosures, and court scheduling delays or delays in obtaining service. • Chapter 7 Bankruptcy – Servicers may be authorized a 90-day extension to the allowable time frame for compliance with state law when a Chapter 7 bankruptcy delays the completion of foreclosure. To determine the impact of a bankruptcy filing on the foreclosure time frame, the total number of days from first action to foreclosure sale will be calculated. The total number of days between the bankruptcy filing date and the date of bankruptcy release or dismissal for each applicable bankruptcy case will then be subtracted from the total number of foreclosure days. The resulting number of days will be compared to the Agency foreclosure time frame plus an automatic 90-day extension to determine if the time frame was met. • Chapter 13 Bankruptcy – Additional time allowed for a Chapter 13 bankruptcy delay shall not exceed 90 days from the date the payments under the bankruptcy
USDA HB-1-3555, Chapter 18 (Servicing Non-Performing), § 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process
plan became 60 days delinquent. The servicer must make prompt and accurate notification to the bankruptcy court and closely monitor the payment required by the bankruptcy court. If the borrower becomes 60 days delinquent in payment under the Chapter 13 plan, the servicer will ensure prompt legal action is taken to resolve. Any delay beyond 90 days from the date the account became 60 days delinquent under the terms of the bankruptcy plan must be supported by documentation. • Prompt Referral – Servicers must exercise reasonable due diligence requirements by resolving a dismissal of the bankruptcy, termination of the automatic stay, or trustee abandonment of all interest in the secured property. The servicer’s loss claim documentation must demonstrate the case was promptly referred to the foreclosure attorney after bankruptcy filing. Any delay beyond 90 days from the date of the bankruptcy release must be supported by documentation. Failure to submit the documentation supporting the extended foreclosure timeframe as described in Chapter 19 of this Handbook will result in denial of additional accrued interest. B. Acceptable Liquidation Fees and Costs Agency regulations authorize the reimbursement of actual liquidation fees and costs that are paid by the servicer for liquidated loans that result in a loss to the servicer within the limits of the guarantee. The Acceptable State Liquidation Costs and Fees will be utilized in determining allowable reasonable and customary attorney fees for foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure and bankruptcy. These costs and fees can be located on the USDA Training and Resource Library in the Loan Servicing section under Loss Mitigation found at https://www.rd.usda.gov/resources/usda-linc-training-resourcelibrary/loan-servicing. Fees higher than the published amounts may be appropriate, in cases such as contested foreclosures, required probate procedures, etc. Any reimbursement of fees over the allowable costs are subject to review by the Agency on a case-by-case basis. Justification for higher fees must be documented in the file. It is important to make the distinction between attorney/trustee fees and attorney/trustee costs. Typically, the fee for the service performed by the attorney is listed separately on the attorney invoice from the actual costs involved in the liquidation proceedings. A complete list of allowable liquidation costs would not be practical since procedural requirements vary by jurisdiction. Generally, the Agency will reimburse a servicer for costs, which must be paid to public officials such as sheriffs, clerks of court or recorders of deeds, as well as costs, which are required by law (i.e., private service of process and required publications). In-house expenses of the servicer will not be allowed during the liquidation process. Employee salaries, staff attorneys and overhead charges are considered examples of inhouse expenses. Overhead expenses include, but are not limited to, items such as telephone calls, photocopying charges, overnight mail fees and postage (not including certified or registered mailings required by law). Typical overhead costs are inherent to the foreclosure process and payment of these expenses is not reimbursable.
USDA HB-1-3555, Chapter 18 (Servicing Non-Performing), § 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process
Outsourcing of services, such as document preparation services, are customary in the industry and are also considered as attorney overhead. These fees are allowed as a separate expense only if the attorney fee is reduced in a proportionate amount to the document preparation fee that is charged. Example: • State = Tennessee • Acceptable Foreclosure Attorney Fee = $600 $425 Attorney fee invoiced $125 Outsourced Document Preparation Fee $600 Total of fees charged In the above example, the foreclosure attorney has chosen to outsource a portion of his service to a contractor. The total fee charged to the servicer is the same as if the attorney firm had performed this function. This is considered an acceptable fee that is eligible for reimbursement. C. Interrupted Foreclosure Proceedings: If a foreclosure proceeding is interrupted due to a bankruptcy filed by the borrower, or if a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or pre-foreclosure sale is accepted prior to the completion of the foreclosure: • 75% of the allowable attorney fee and all actual foreclosure costs incurred will be reimbursed. • In addition, 100% of allowable foreclosure attorney fees and costs incurred after the bankruptcy stay is lifted will be reimbursed if state statute requires that the foreclosure be restarted from the beginning. • If state statute does not require that the foreclosure be restarted from the beginning, reimbursement of all foreclosure attorney fees incurred both before and after the bankruptcy is limited to the amount listed on the Acceptable State Liquidation Costs and Fees and can be located on the USDA Training and Resource Library in the Loan Servicing section under Loss Mitigation found at https://www.rd.usda.gov/resources/usda-linc-training-resource-library/loanservicing. The Agency will not reimburse any attorney fees or costs incurred for a prior liquidation action that has been reinstated by the borrower or for which the foreclosed property is redeemed. Attorney fees and costs should be included in the amount collected from the borrower with the reinstatement or foreclosure redemption. The foreclosure fees in Acceptable State Liquidation Costs and Fees referenced above, lists the attorney or trustee fee limits allowed for each Agency recommended
USDA HB-1-3555, Chapter 18 (Servicing Non-Performing), § 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process
method of foreclosure. In states where more than one foreclosure method is available, the limits listed are based on the method that is most cost effective in reducing legal fees and interest expense. The Agency does not intend to prohibit the payment of attorney fees and costs where the servicer obtains title through a method of foreclosure other than what is recommended. However, the Agency must determine whether the foreclosure method chosen by the servicer was in the best interest of the government. For example, the recommended foreclosure method in some states is non-judicial; however, judicial foreclosures are required to preserve the rights of a deficiency judgment. If the servicer determines that the recovery of a deficiency judgment is expected, the foreclosure method should be considered acceptable and reasonable attorney fees and costs reimbursed within the limits of the guarantee. Any such decision must be documented and placed in the servicing permanent file.
Operationalizing USDA HB-1-3555, Chapter 18 (Servicing Non-Performing), § 18.11 — Managing The Foreclosure Process
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